Water is an essential resource for all living creatures, but it’s also a finite resource that is surprisingly scarce in many parts of the world. In fact, research predicts that global fresh water demand will outstrip supply by 40% by 2030. As awareness around the importance of water consumption grows amongst both individuals and corporations, it’s clear that we must all take responsibility to ensure there’s enough water to go around.
Mining is an essential part of many industries, but excavating and processing precious minerals and metals from the Earth demands large amounts of water. This significantly impacts the sector’s water footprint, and can also have devastating effects on the ecosystems and communities in mining regions.
Reducing water consumption is a key strategy for any mining companies looking to adopt a more sustainable approach. Here, we explore three ways to achieve that.
Water recycling
Implementing closed-loop water circuits can reduce consumption as they allow initial volumes of freshwater to be consistently recycled and reused. This reduces the amount of discharge without impacting the quality of the natural resources, however, it isn’t a complete solution. Eventually, the water will need to be replenished, and the wastewater will need to be disposed of appropriately – but it’s a great step in the right direction for reducing overall water consumption.
To further extend the lifespan of freshwater used in mining, advanced filtration systems can be installed. These can help to clean used water and reduce contamination before it’s disposed of. Across the globe, governments are continuously increasing the legislation and guidelines around water consumption, so it’s important for mining companies to implement these systems to avoid fines or penalties.
Tailings management
Tailings typically consist of mineral particles, water and chemicals leftover after crushing ore and extracting precious materials. Managing these sustainably is essential not only to control water consumption, but also to protect surrounding ecosystems and fresh water supplies.
Irresponsible waste management can lead to toxic chemicals contaminating water that both people and wildlife rely on, and can cause degradation of the natural environment surrounding the mine. Techniques such as dry stacking and water recycling can help manage tailings, but for maximum efficiency and sustainability, all mines should have a dedicated water treatment unit.
Limiting freshwater usage
In many instances, water is intrinsically linked to the efficiency of extracting minerals in mining, but there are ways to minimize the volumes used. Monitoring water levels by measuring evaporation rates, installing a water use monitoring system, and incorporating dry separation techniques for tailings should all be part of a comprehensive plan to manage freshwater consumption in mines.
Companies should also analyze their water expenses to understand the financial and risk impact of using excess water, as well as working to minimize leaks in the network of pipes, valves, and pumps used.
Education is key
By educating staff and stakeholders on the importance of conserving water, the mining industry can make significant steps to becoming a lower-impact, more sustainable industry. However, it’s essential that governing bodies continue to apply pressure on mining companies to improve their processes and work toward a greener world for us all.